This Remembrance Day, it is important to understand how trauma can affect all aspects of life for those who have experienced war and violence firsthand. A lot has changed since soldiers in the First World War coined the term “shell-shock” to describe the symptoms they were suffering from: fatigue, tremors, confusion, nightmares, and impaired sight and hearing. At first this was thought to be a physical condition, but a British psychologist realized that these soldiers were suffering from a psychological condition which could be treated not with medication but talking. From there, three essential treatment conditions were developed: promptness of action, suitable environment, and psychotherapeutic measures. These conditions are still relevant today in the treatment of what is now referred to as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
PTSD is a natural reaction to highly intense and stressful situations. It can develop over time or occur right after the trauma occurs. Presently, symptoms of PTSD include flashbacks to the incident, nightmares, distressing memories, and physical symptoms such as muscle tension, tightness in the chest, and increased heart rate. In the majority of people, these symptoms will last a few months and gradually reduce in intensity, becoming more and more manageable over time. However, if they are persisting and getting in the way of day-to-day activities, it is likely time to seek help from a mental health professional like a therapist or a psychiatrist.
Managing these symptoms can be a difficult task. Those suffering from PTSD, whether they are returning from war or witnessing violence at home, can use avoidance as a coping mechanism. They use alcohol or drugs to escape bad memories or thoughts and avoid places or situations that remind them of the traumatic incident. This will lead to the negative thoughts becoming stronger and more frequent while everyday tasks like going grocery shopping, socializing with family or friends, and going to work grow increasingly more difficult.
There are no hard and fast rules that define what trauma is; it can be an incredibly personal experience. What is traumatic for one person will not be for another, so it is important to let biases and judgements go when speaking with someone saying they have been through a traumatic incident. Listening, being present, and offering support can mean the world to someone experiencing symptoms of PTSD. If you notice that you or someone close to you is needing help, have a conversation with them. PTSD can make someone feel alone and scared to reach out for help, so hearing from a trusted friend that there is support out there for them can be a life changing experience.
This November 11th, take some time to think about the veterans who have experienced trauma from any number of wars across the world, past and present. Many have seen and heard things that will stay with them forever, and the more we recognize trauma and how it is processed, the more empathy and understanding we can afford to those around us.
Robert Baker, MA RCC
Walmsley EFAP